AIDS in Korea

AIDS in Korea


Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). While HIV/AIDS remains a global health challenge, South Korea has maintained a relatively low prevalence, largely due to ongoing prevention efforts and accessible treatment. Korean clinics offer comprehensive care, from early diagnosis and highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) to support services, aimed at improving the quality of life for those living with HIV and preventing further transmission.


Prevalence & Transmission in Korea

South Korea has a low prevalence of HIV/AIDS, with approximately 1,000 to 1,100 new cases reported annually in recent years. The epidemic in Korea has distinct characteristics:

  • Predominantly Male: The vast majority of new infections (around 90%) are reported in men, with sexual contact being the primary mode of transmission. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are identified as a high-risk group.
  • Age Distribution: A significant proportion of new cases are among individuals in their 20s and 30s.
  • Increasing Foreigner Cases: There has been a steady increase in the proportion of new HIV cases among foreigners residing in Korea.
  • Transmission Routes: Primarily transmitted through:
  • Sexual Contact: Unprotected sexual intercourse (anal and vaginal) is the most common route.
  • Blood-borne: Sharing contaminated needles (less common in Korea compared to other regions).
  • Mother-to-Child: Perinatal transmission (during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding) is largely preventable with proper medical management.


Common Management & Treatment

Modern HIV/AIDS management in Korea focuses on early diagnosis, effective treatment, and comprehensive support.

  • HIV Testing: Free and anonymous HIV testing is available at public health centers and other designated facilities throughout Korea. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of progression to AIDS.
  • Antiretroviral Therapy (ART): Once diagnosed with HIV, individuals are promptly started on highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART involves a combination of medications that suppress the virus, allowing people living with HIV (PLHIV) to live long, healthy lives and effectively preventing sexual transmission of the virus (Undetectable = Untransmittable, or U=U).
  • Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): PrEP, a medication taken by HIV-negative individuals at high risk of exposure, is increasingly recognized and gaining accessibility in Korea as a highly effective prevention tool.
  • Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): PEP is an emergency course of medication taken after potential HIV exposure to prevent infection.
  • Ongoing Monitoring and Care: PLHIV receive regular medical check-ups, including monitoring of CD4 cell counts and viral load, to assess the effectiveness of treatment and manage potential complications.
  • Psychological and Social Support: Various organizations and public health initiatives provide counseling, emotional support, and resources to help PLHIV navigate stigma and discrimination and maintain their mental well-being.


Korean Guidelines

The Korean Society for AIDS, in conjunction with the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), regularly updates clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV/AIDS:

  • Early Diagnosis and Treatment: Emphasis is placed on timely diagnosis and immediate initiation of ART, irrespective of CD4 count, in line with international standards.
  • Comprehensive Treatment Regimens: Guidelines detail appropriate antiretroviral drug combinations, considering factors like potential side effects, drug interactions, and co-infections (e.g., Hepatitis B or C).
  • Prevention Strategies: Guidelines promote public awareness campaigns, availability of testing, and the use of PrEP and PEP for targeted populations. The KDCA has established the "2nd National Action Plan on HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control (2024-2028)" with a vision of "towards zero new infections, zero deaths, and zero discrimination" by 2030.
  • Addressing Stigma and Discrimination: Efforts are made to educate healthcare professionals and the public to reduce stigma and discrimination against PLHIV, ensuring their right to quality medical care.


Key Takeaways for Your HIV/AIDS Journey in Korea

To summarize the essential points about HIV/AIDS management in Korea:

  • Low Prevalence, Active Prevention: Korea maintains a low HIV prevalence through sustained prevention efforts, including widespread testing and PrEP.
  • Effective Treatment is Accessible: ART is readily available and funded, enabling PLHIV to lead healthy lives and preventing transmission.
  • Early Diagnosis is Vital: Free and anonymous testing facilitates early detection, which is critical for successful treatment outcomes.
  • Comprehensive Support System: Beyond medical care, a network of support services aims to combat stigma and enhance the well-being of PLHIV.

We hope this guide clarifies HIV/AIDS management in Korea. Always consult a qualified medical professional for personalized advice, diagnosis, and treatment.