Sperm Retrieval Procedures in Korea

Sperm Retrieval Procedures in Korea


Sperm retrieval procedures are specialized surgical techniques used to obtain sperm directly from the epididymis or testes for use in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), primarily Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) as part of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). In Korea, these procedures offer hope to men with severe male factor infertility, particularly those with azoospermia (absence of sperm in ejaculate), allowing them to father biological children. Korean fertility centers are equipped with advanced micro-surgical techniques to maximize sperm retrieval success.


Understanding Male Infertility & Indications in Korea

Male infertility can stem from various issues, with azoospermia being a common reason for sperm retrieval.

  • Azoospermia: Complete absence of sperm in ejaculate. Can be Obstructive (blockage) or Non-Obstructive (impaired production).
  • Severe Oligospermia: Very low sperm count where direct retrieval might yield better sperm for ICSI.
  • Indications: Primarily for men with azoospermia, inability to ejaculate, or (rarely) ejaculated sperm quality issues.
  • Diagnosis: Semen analysis, hormonal and genetic testing, physical exam, and sometimes transrectal ultrasound.


Common Sperm Retrieval Procedures in Korea

Several outpatient surgical techniques are used, chosen based on the cause of azoospermia, often coordinated with the female partner's egg retrieval.

  • Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA): Fine needle aspiration from epididymis (for Obstructive Azoospermia, local anesthesia).
  • Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (MESA): Microscopic aspiration from epididymal tubules (for Obstructive Azoospermia, sedation/general anesthesia). Yields larger, cleaner samples.
  • Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA): Needle aspiration from testis (for Obstructive/Non-Obstructive Azoospermia, local anesthesia).
  • Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE): Small incision to remove testicular tissue for sperm extraction (for Obstructive/Non-Obstructive Azoospermia, sedation/general anesthesia).
  • Microdissection TESE (Micro-TESE): Gold standard for Non-Obstructive Azoospermia. Microscopic search for sperm-producing tubules (general anesthesia). Optimizes retrieval while preserving tissue.
  • Sperm Processing: Retrieved sperm are immediately examined and prepared for ICSI or cryopreservation.


Recovery & Outcomes in Korea

Recovery is generally quick, with success rates depending on the underlying cause.

  • Post-Procedure: Mild pain, swelling, and bruising in the scrotum for a few days.
  • Activity Restrictions: Strenuous activities and sexual activity typically restricted for 1-2 weeks.
  • Success Rates (Sperm Retrieval): Very high for Obstructive Azoospermia (nearly 100%). Micro-TESE for Non-Obstructive Azoospermia yields up to 60%+ success.
  • Pregnancy Rates: Retrieved sperm with ICSI lead to comparable pregnancy rates to ejaculated sperm, dependent on female partner's fertility.
  • Complications: Minor (swelling, pain, hematoma, infection). Rare long-term risks include testicular atrophy or hypogonadism.


Korean Guidelines & Practice

Korean fertility centers are at the forefront of male infertility treatment, including advanced sperm retrieval.

  • Leading Centers: Major university hospitals and specialized fertility clinics have extensive experience with all procedures, including Micro-TESE.
  • Integrated Care: Procedures are seamlessly integrated into IVF/ICSI cycles, with close urologist-embryologist coordination.
  • Advanced Techniques: Micro-TESE is increasingly adopted to optimize retrieval and minimize testicular damage.
  • National Health Insurance: Procedures are generally covered when medically indicated with recognized ART cycles. Self-pay costs vary.


Key Takeaways for Sperm Retrieval Procedures in Korea

To summarize the essential points about Sperm Retrieval Procedures in Korea:

  • Treats Male Infertility: Essential for men with azoospermia (obstructive or non-obstructive) or inability to ejaculate sperm.
  • Diverse Techniques: Options include PESA, MESA, TESA, TESE, and the highly specialized Micro-TESE, chosen based on the underlying cause.
  • High Success Rates: Particularly for obstructive azoospermia and with Micro-TESE for non-obstructive cases.
  • Integrated with ART: Retrieved sperm are primarily used for ICSI as part of IVF.
  • Advanced & Covered: Performed by expert urologists in leading fertility centers, generally covered by national health insurance for medically indicated cases.

We hope this guide clarifies Sperm Retrieval Procedures in Korea. Always consult a qualified medical professional for personalized advice, diagnosis, and treatment options for male infertility.